Engineering a Bilayered Scaffold as a Potential Cardiac Patch:From Scaffold Design to In Vitro Assessment
简介：In this study,we developed a novel bilayered scaffold consisting of a bottom layer composed of the Decellularized Bovine Pericardium(DP)coated with Polyaniline Nanoparticles(PANINPs)and a top layer made of an electrospun Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/Gelatin(PLGA/Gel)membrane incorporated with Vascular Endothelial Growth Fac-tor(VEGF)and hawthorn extract.Functionally,the DP supplies native Extracellular Matrix(ECM)components and mechanical support,while PANINPs provide conductivity.The electrospun PLGA/Gel layer mimics fibrous ECM.It incorporates bioactives,with VEGF promoting pro-angiogenic stimulation and hawthorn extract enhanc-ing anticoagulant activity,as well as increasing surface hydrophilicity.The tissue adhesive ensures the interfacial integrity between the two layers.Decellularization efficiency was confirmed histologically using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI)and Hematoxylin-Eosin(H&E)staining.The DP exhibited a DNA content of 115.9±47.8 ng/mg DNA,compared to 982.88±395.42 ng/mg in Native Pericardium(NP).The PANINPs had an average par-ticle size of 104.94±13.7 nm.The conductivity of PANINPs-coated decellularized pericardium was measured to be 9.093±8.6 × 10-4 S/cm using the four-point probe method.PLGA/Gel membranes containing hawthorn extract(1％,5％,10％,and 15％w/v)and VEGF(0.1 μg/mL,0.5 μg/mL,and 1 μg/mL)were fabricated by electrospinning,result-ing in fiber diameters between 850 and 1200 nm and pore sizes between 14 and 20 μm.The anticoagulant efficiency of the membranes containing hawthorn extract reached 430 s in the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Assay(aPTT).Mechanical testing revealed a tensile strength of 22.70±6.33 MPa,an elongation of 53.58±10.63％,and Young's modulus of 0.67±0.10 MPa.The scaffold also exhibited over 91％cell viability and excellent cardiomyo-cyte adhesion.The hemolysis ratio was determined to be 0.421±0.191％,which confirms its blood compatibility.Our results indicate that the proposed bilayered scaffold can be a promising candidate for cardiac patch applications.展开
学者：AdileYurukAyhanDuzlerSevilDincerIsogluIsmailAlper
关键词：Cardiac patchBilayered scaffoldDecellularizationElectrospinningHawthorn extractVEGF
在线出版日期：2026-03-12 （网站首发日期）
